Finding Women in History Assessments in Secondary Schools: An interim report on 2023 History GCSE and A-Level assessment papers in England

This report examines the representation of women across all time periods, topics and
options offered in History GCSE, AS and A-Level exam papers issued in June 2023 by the
three largest exam boards in England: AQA, Edexcel and OCR. It reveals that women are
critically underrepresented in comparison to men in GCSE/Key Stage 4 (KS4) and ALevel/Key Stage 5 (KS5) assessments.

Natasha Hodgson and Catherine Gower

Published: 21 July 2025

To cite this report:

Hodgson, Natasha, and Catherine Gower. ‘Finding Women in History Assessments in Secondary Schools: An Interim Report on 2023 History GCSE and A-level Assessment Papers in England’. Zenodo, 21 July 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16282581.

Finding Women in History Assessments in Secondary Schools: An interim report on 2023 History GCSE and A-Level assessment papers in England
Finding Women in History Assessments in Secondary Schools: An interim report on 2023 History GCSE and A-Level assessment papers in England
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